HTML lets you specify metadata - information about a document rather than document content -in a variety of ways. The META element can be used to include name/value pairs describing properties of the HTML document, such as author, Expiry Date, a list of key words, author etc. The <meta> tag is an empty element and so does not have a closing tag, rather, <meta> tags carry information within attributes, so you need a forward slash character at the end of the element. Metadata provided by using meta tag is a very important part of the web. It can assist search engines in finding the best match when a user performs a search. Search engines will often look at any metadata attached to a page - especially keywords - and rank it higher than another page with less relevant metadata, or with no metadata at all.
Adding Meta Tags to Your Documents:
You can add metadata to your web pages by placing <meta> tags between the <head> and </head> tags. The can include the following attributes:
Name:-Name for the property. Can be anything. Examples include, keywords, description, author, revised, generator etc.
content:- Specifies the property's value.
scheme:- Specifies a scheme to use to interpret the property's value (as declared in the content attribute).
Http-equiv:- Used for http response message headers. For example http-equiv can be used to refresh the page or to set a cookie. Values include content-type, expires, refresh and set-cookie.
Let's see few important usage of Meta Tags.
Specifying Keywords:
We specify keywords which will be used by the search engine to search a web page. So using following tag you can specify important keywords related to your page. <head> <meta name="keywords" content="HTML, meta tags, metadata" /> </head>
Document Description:
This is again important information and many search engine use this information as well while searching a web page. So you should give an appropriate description of the page.
<head> <meta name="description" content="Learn about Meta Tags." /> </head>
Document Revision date:
This information tells about last time the document was updated.
<head> <meta name="revised" content="Tutorialspoint, 6/12/2006" /> </head>
Document Refreshing:
You can specify a duration after which your web page will keep refreshing. If you want your page keep refreshing after every 10 seconds then use the following syntax.
<head> <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="10" /> </head>
Page Redirection:
You can specify a page redirection using Meta Tag. Following is an example of redirecting current page to another page. You can specify a duration after which page will be redirected.
<head> <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="10; url=http://www.tutorialspoint.com" /> </head>
If you don't provide a duration then page will be redirected immediately.
Setting Cookies:
You can use Meta Tag to store cookies on client side later information can be used by then Web Server to track a site visitor.
<head> <meta http-equiv="cookie" content="userid=xyz; expires=Wednesday, 08-Aug-00 23:59:59 GMT; /> </head>
If you do not include the expiration date and time, the cookie is considered a session cookie and will be deleted when the user exits the browser.
Check PHP and Cookies tutorial for a complete detail on Cookies.
Setting Author Name:
You can set an author name in a web page using Meta Tag. See an example below:
<head> <meta name="author" content="Mahnaz Mohtashim" /> </head>
If you do not include the expiration date and time, the cookie is considered a session cookie and will be deleted when the user exits the browser.
Attributes are another important part of HTML markup. An attribute is used to define the characteristics of an element and is placed inside the element's opening tag. All attributes are made up of two parts: a name and a value:
- The name is the property you want to set. For example, the <font> element in the example carries an attribute whose name is face, which you can use to indicate which typeface you want the text to appear in.
- The value is what you want the value of the property to be. The first example was supposed to use the Arial typeface, so the value of the face attribute is Arial.
The value of the attribute should be put in double quotation marks, and is separated from the name by the equals sign. You can see that a color for the text has been specified as well as the typeface in this <font> element:
<font face="arial" color="#CC0000">
Many HTML tags have a unique set of their own attributes. These will be discussed as each tag is introduced throughout the tutorial. Right now we want to focus on a set of generic attributes that can be used with just about every HTML Tag in existence.
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